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Andrew Toole
Andrew Toole
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Verifierad e-postadress på uspto.gov
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Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence
PA David, BH Hall, AA Toole
Research policy 29 (4-5), 497-529, 2000
27832000
The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation: evidence from the pharmaceutical industry
AA Toole
Research Policy, 2011
349*2011
Patent protection, market uncertainty, and R&D investment
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
The Review of Economics and Statistics 93 (1), 147-159, 2011
2972011
Biomedical academic entrepreneurship through the SBIR program
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 63 (4), 716-738, 2007
2152007
Commercializing Science: Is there a university “brain drain” from academic entrepreneurship?
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki, KU Leuven, ZEW Mannheim, SOO Statistieken
Management Science 56 (9), 1599-1614, 2010
1802010
Exploring the relationship between scientist human capital and firm performance: The case of biomedical academic entrepreneurs in the SBIR program
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki
Management Science 55 (1), 101-114, 2009
1542009
Business R&D and the interplay of R&D subsidies and product market uncertainty
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Review of Industrial Organization 31, 169-181, 2007
1472007
The evolving institutional structure of public and private agricultural research
KO Fuglie, AA Toole
American journal of agricultural economics 96 (3), 862-883, 2014
1252014
University spin-offs and the “performance premium”
D Czarnitzki, C Rammer, AA Toole
Small Business Economics 43, 309-326, 2014
1242014
Does public scientific research complement private investment in research and development in the pharmaceutical industry?
AA Toole
J. Law & Econ. 50, 81-781, 2007
1222007
Delay and secrecy: Does industry sponsorship jeopardize disclosure of academic research?
D Czarnitzki, C Grimpe, AA Toole
ZEW, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, 2011
111*2011
Knowledge creates markets: The influence of entrepreneurial support and patent rights on academic entrepreneurship
D Czarnitzki, T Doherr, K Hussinger, P Schliessler, AA Toole
European economic review 86, 131-146, 2016
1072016
The R&D investment-uncertainty relationship: Do competition and firm size matter?
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Open Access publications from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2008
101*2008
The dynamic relationship between investments in brand equity and firm profitability: Evidence using trademark registrations
D Crass, D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
International Journal of the Economics of Business 26 (1), 157-176, 2019
702019
How does initial public financing influence private incentives for follow-on investment in early-stage technologies?
AA Toole, C Turvey
The Journal of Technology Transfer 34 (1), 43-58, 2009
702009
Identifying artificial intelligence (AI) invention: A novel AI patent dataset
AV Giczy, NA Pairolero, AA Toole
The Journal of Technology Transfer 47 (2), 476-505, 2022
482022
Individual versus institutional ownership of university-discovered inventions
D Czarnitzki, T Doherr, K Hussinger, P Schliessler, A Toole
ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, 2015
402015
Is there a trade-off between academic research and faculty entrepreneurship? Evidence from US NIH supported biomedical researchers
D Czarnitzki, AA Toole
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 19 (5), 505-520, 2010
392010
University research alliances, absorptive capacity, and the contribution of startups to employment growth
AA Toole, D Czarnitzki, C Rammer
Strategic Alliances, 58-75, 2018
282018
The complementary roles of the public and private sectors in US agricultural research and development
JL King, AA Toole, KO Fuglie
282012
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Artiklar 1–20